Liquid atomizer



Oct. 25, 1932. .1. T. vooRHEls 1,884,931

I LIQUD ATOMIZER Filed Aug. 25, 1930' /4 /z j Z .277 Ven for' Joseph 77l/oore/ls thesreasons above State@ p t secure a burner tip structure 15in position ".J" ,Y Theobject of the present invention is t VltlllnltheOf the tube. The burner Patented Get. 25, 1932 e l STATES PATENT OFFICEe if J'OSEPI-I T. VOORHEIS, OF LOS ANGELS, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO COENCOMPANY, INC., v l LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIAl LIQUID AToMiznn app1ieauona1eu-august 23, 193e. serial No. 477,255.

This invention relates to a liquid atomizer, section and elevationthrough the device and particularly pertains` to a unitarystrucshown inFig. 1, and as viewed on the line ture comprising a spray tip and anatomizer, 2--2.

u e and this application is a continuation in part Fig. 3 is a view intransverse section show- `5 oi? my co-pending application entitledLiqlng the thimble used on the burner tip as 55 uid atomizer, iiled July24, 1929, Serial No. S6611, 0n the 11n@ 3*.3 0f F 1g- 4- 380,573. e y` nfio. 4f is a view in elevation showing the `Liquid atomizers 'are usedfor numerous hlrnble Structure. purposes, such as oil burners, milkdryers, Fig. 5 is a view in elevation showing the 1`0' paint spray gung,3130 and in most instances assembled burner tip, diSaSSOCiated from a 30a spray tip is employed. lIn oil burners the burner nOZZle. v angle ofspray projection is important, inclv Fig. 6 is a view in transversesection showis partially dependent upon two features, toing another'formof the invention, in which A1 wit, orifice areaand the total aree of thethe tangential fuel passageways are in the 16 atomizing tangente.. AIteither area is changed 1Olln pf C yllndlical openings. 65

the angle of Spray projection will Change, p Reierring more particularlyto the drawand if theatomzer'is used in an oil burning lng, 10"indicates a burner tube; forming a furnace the Spray might be'projeetedagainst nozzle at its end, said tube being formed with the side walls ofthe fire boX or otherwise and a hreadd @11d Portion 1,1 t0 reCeVe. 2Lnut Ill causecarbon formation and poorcombustion. 12- ThlS'IlU'G Sformed With a r1atVe1y In oil burners the tipe weer fairly rapidly largecentral opening 13, and an end shoulder and are for that reason renewedfrom vtime 14e Thvend Shoulder 14 COOperateS With the to time. .This isobviously bad practice for end face of the tube to accommodate and`generally improve and simplify the construc- COIHPISQS J C'lfrrlV dSC16 WhCh' 'S h@-` tion and 'operation Vof liquid atomizers; .to WGGn theend 121C@ 0f the tube 10 and the provide an atomizer in which the'tip`and Shoulder 14C 0f the-nut 12 A, atomizer is formedy as an vintegralunit sopas The bOdY -{JOI'On Ofthe tip `15 comprises to prevent renewalof one part without re- 2l ffylndral threaded length 17 and a tunewirigthe other .j to provide an atomizeibular lportion 18 of reduced diameterextendwhichcan be readily removed and opened` ing therefrom` andlongitudinally aligned for cleaning; toprovide a removable frictiontherewithi plug'for the purpose of further facilitating The frOnt aCe 0fthe dSC 16 iS fOrIned 8 Cleaning'gland further t0 provide an'atomizerWlli a Central llOjeCtiOIl` 19, thIOugh Which t having an interiorchamber presenting two Centra-l jet Opening 20 Occurs. This jet dierentdiameters, and holes in the larger Opening communicates with a largercircular chamber which are tangent, to the smaller pi'SSgeWly 21,7Wh0hin 'Gurn COInInnnCateS chamber so as toreduce the cost of manufacwith alarger circular opening 22. The con-v go 40 ture and t0' producebetteratomizing kCondtgLIOuS eClgGS Of the ClICUlaI Openings 21 andtions. v l 22 are joined by an end wall 23, while the The invention isillustrated by way of eX- contiguous edges of the jet opening 20 andample in the accompanying drawing, Ain the opening 21 are joinedby aninclined wall .4"5. which portion 24. Thus, the sectional area ofthe 95l is an enlarged view in central secbore through the jet isprogressively reduced tion through the end of a fuel burner showieromtheinduction to the eduction end of the ing in detail the structure withwhich the jet, 'although the reduction is made in three presentvinvention is concerned. abrupt stages.

o Fig. 2 is an enlarged view in transverse The end ofthe cylindricalportion 18 ofthe ioo jet and within which portion the large bore 22occurs, is formed with a series of slots 25, here shown as being four innumber. Attention is directed to the fact that these slots are disposedwith their outer edges along the line of tangent of the diameter of thebore 21, as indicated by the dotted line a in Fig. 2 of the drawing.

This area is a desirable and an essential portion of the presentinvention, since the tangential arrangement of the slots makes itpossible for them to be radially milled in the end of the cylindricalmember 18, and for the important reason that the liquid which is forcedin through the slots and to the central bore 22, will be given impetusto form a gyratory path of travel, the outer bounds of which aresubstantially described by a circle the diameter of the bore 21. It hasbeen found that by this arrangement whereby the inwardly projecting jetsof liquid are thus directed along a circle considerably less than thediameter of the bore 22, a column of oil having uniform rotativemovement and density is insured, and causes it to be project ed from thejet opening 20 with uniform velocity and in a jet of uniform density.

In order to insure that the liquid which is forced through. tube 1()will be uniformly distributed to the various jet grooves 25, a thimble26 is provided to be mounted over the end of the cylindrical portion 18of the burner tip, `and with its end wall 27 abutting against the end ofthe burner tip.

The thimble comprises a cylindrical sleeve portion 28 internallythreaded to engage the threaded portion 17 of the burner tip. The insidediameter of the sleeve 28 is considerablyl greater than that of theoutside diameter ofthe cylindrical portion 18 of the jet, thus formingan annular passageway 29 communieating with the outer ends of the jetslots 25.

r)The end wall 27 is scalloped as indicated at 30, to form openings 31which permit communication from the interior of the tube 10 with theannular passageway 29, and thus distribute the liquid uniformly to thepassageway 29 through the series of openings 31.

In the present instance, four jet slots 25 are. shown, and y*openings 31are provided.

The thimble 26 is exteriorly knurled so that it may be readily placedupon the tip or removed.

In operation of the present invention, the burner tip with its thimblewill be assembled as shown in F ig. 5 of the drawing, after which thestructure may be mounted within the end of the burner tube 10 as shownin Fig. 1 of the drawing. The tip is held in position by the clampingaction of the nut 13 which is threaded onto the end of the tube. Liquidunder pressure such as oil, may then be forced through the tube towardthe tip. This oil will pass through the series of openings 31 into theannular passageway 29, and will then pass in separate tangential jetsthrough the et slots 25 and into tie large cylindrical bore 22. Thewhirling jets will then move/longitudinally of the bore 22 and into therestricted bore 21, after which the mixed liquid will be violentlyprojected through the jet opening 2O and will be mechanically atomizeddue to its velocity of rotation and centrifugal force.

In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 6, the burner tip is formedsubstantially as previously described, with exception that thetangential passageways 25 extend through the body of the cylindricalportion 18 of the burner tip and are not slotted into the end of thecylindrical portion 25.

In actual practice it should be realized that where an atomizer of thischaracter is used in conjunction with an oil burner the wear is fairlyrapid, as considerable gritty matter, such as sand and the like, iscontained in the oil. The discharge orifice wears, and so do thetangents. It may also be stated that the wear at the discharge orificeis usually the greatest, hence the common practice of employing aseparable spray tip which may be renewed from time to time. This is,however, bad practice as the angle of spray projection will graduallychange whenever a new tip is applied.

By constructing the atomizer and the tip as an integral unit suchreplacement is eliminated as the atomizer and spray tip are formed as asingle unit and when replacement is required both will have to bereplaced at one time, thus insuring a more uniform spray angle, and moreefficiency. It should also be noted that the atomizer may he readilyremoved at any time by merely unscrewing the nut 12. When the spray tipis removed the thimble 26 can be unscrewed and the interior cleaned.That is, the spray chamber may be wiped out and the tangentials 25 andthe jet opening may also be readily cleaned. Better atomization isinsured, due to the primary movement produced by the oil jets.

While I have shown the preferred form of my invention as now known tome, it will be understood that various changes may be made in thecombination, construction and arrangement of parts by those skilled inthe art, without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed.j

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent 1. In combination with a fuel supply tube, a burner tipadapted to be mounted at the end thereof, said tip comprising adisc-shaped section of larger diameter than the opening through theburner tube and adapted to abut against the end of the burner tube, asleeve nut adapted to be secured upon the end of the tube and adapted toengage the disc of the tip and hold it in position over the end of thetube, a tubular portion forming a part of ops said tip and telescopinginto said supply tube, a central passageway including a cylindricalopening of relatively large diameter at the end of the tubular portionof the tip Within the tube and cylindrical passage sections ofprogressively decreased diameters communicating with a general openingof relatively small diameter, a thimble removably positioned over thetubular end of the tip and substantially closing the end of thepassageway through the tip and a plurality of tangential passagewaysthrough the wall of the tubular section of the tip and in a plane atright angles to the longitudinal axis thereof, said passageways being onthe tangent of a circle whose diameter agrees with the inside diameterof a section of passageway smaller than the portion of the passagewaywith which they communicate.

2. In communication with a fuel supply tube, a burner tip adapted to bemounted at the end thereof, said tip comprising a discshaped section oflarger diameter than the opening through the burner tube and adapted toabut against the end of the burner tube, a sleeve nut adapted to besecured upon the end of the tube and adapted to engage the disc of thetip and hold it in position over the end of the tube, a tubular portionforming a part of said tip and telescoping into said supply tube, acentral passageway including a cylindrical opening of relatively largediameter at the end of the tubular portion of the tip within the tubeand cylindrical passage sections of progressively decreasing diameterscommunicating with a general opening of relatively small diameter, athimble removably positioned over the tubular end of the tip andsubstantially closing the end of the passageway through the tip, and aplurality of tangential passageways through the wall of the tubularsection of the tip and in a plane at right angles to the longitudinalaxis thereof, said passageways being on the tangent of a circle whosediameter agrees with the inside diameter of a section of passagewaysmaller than the portion of the passageway with which they communicate,the said thimble cooperating with the tubular portion of the burner tipto form an annular passageway therearound and having openings toestablish communication between said annular passageway and interior ofthe supply tube whereby liquid may be supplied to the tangentialopenings. y

3. A fuel atomizer comprising a liquid fuel supply tube, a fuel tip atthe end thereof substantially closing the end of the tube and having aninwardly extending cylindrical portion the outer circumference of whichis materially smaller than the inner circumference of the tube, acentral passageway longitudinally of the tip which is of relatively flarge diameter at its outer end and continues in a -portion of lesserdiameter communicating with a relatively small outlet opening at theeduction end of the jet, said progressively reduced diameters beingconnected by intermediate tapered wall sections, a cap closing theinduction end of said tip and forming an annular passageway therearound,induction openings through the cap to permit fluid to enter said annularpassageway from the tube and tangential passageways formed in the largediameter wall of the tip and lying in a circle described by the diameterof the smaller sectioned opening of the tip whereby communication willbe established from the annular passageway into the longitudinalpassageway of the tip to introduce fluid under pressure and to step up aswirling motion producing a gyrating column of substantially thediameter of the intermediate passagewa)` in the tip.

JOSEPH T. VOORHEIS.

